The Role of Language in Communication and Culture - 923 Words

The notion of culture has been regarded and investigated by researchers who are interested in the study human communication. A large number of studies has been piloted to reveal how people from different cultural background differ in their ways, traditions and behaviors of speaking. However, while cultural diversity is oddly being embraced and highlighted by the academic community in general, a chorus of criticism has been directed against the theory of culture as being facing hard periods of time. In the word of the anthropologists Strauss and Quinn (1997:3), studying the theory of culture is useless and impasse, assuming that culture provides no concern in the process of human interaction. Against criticism attacking culture as a concept and theory, Wierzbicka determinedly defended the notion of culture and the necessity of culture theory to clarify different and similar (if any) cultural behavioral and conceptual characteristics of a specific culture. Unlike the definition of language, the term culture is an ambiguous one. On this base, Barron (2003:24) confirms that culture is a notion which does not have undisputed definition. However , there is a wide range of definitions argue that culture refers to everything that humans identify, know, perceive, or feel throughout associating with or in socio-cultural groupings. Spencer-Oatey (2008: 3) argues that culture is vague group of basic conventions and beliefs that are associated with set of people and that affect eachShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Non Verbal Communication On Intercultural Communication1411 Words   |  6 Pagescultural organisation,the intercultural communication has become more ligual and more significant than ever before (Wang, 2007). As an international language, English has played an prominent role in making the communication easy between two people with different cultural backgrounds. As a result, the EFL education has concluded the communicative sufficiency as one of the important goals of English as Foreign Language teaching. It seems that intercultural communication will be a successful, as long as theRead MoreNon-Verbal Communication and Inter-Cultural Communication Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pages Nonverbal communication is defined as the approach of conveying information and data by using speech, visuals, signs , behavior etc. Approximately 65% of the communication takes place through nonverbal attributes. Generally communication takes place with three steps. FIRST Is the thought or idea that comes in the mind of the sender. SECOND is the encoding which means sending message to the receiver in a particular gesture or sign or via a particular medium. THIRD is decoding of message which meansRead MoreEssay on Nonverbal Communication: A Notion to Motion1393 Words   |  6 Pagesunpretentious hello are all forms of communication. While it is essential to the coexistence of the human race, communication is the one thing that is common amongst people of all cultures. Crapo (2013) explained that communication is transference of a philosophies and information from one person to another by ones actions, gestures, and words (Human communication, para.1). Although people use different a venues to express their thoughts and ideas, intercultural communication can be misconstrued when learningRead MoreCommunication : Language And Communication1664 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2015 Language and Communication Imagine moving to a different country and not understanding the language and the not knowing how to ask for help? This would be difficult for anyone to experience. Individuals will most likely encounter someone that speaks a different language. Those that are trying to understand someone that has a different language can be difficult when they do not speak the language. Individuals will try to communicate in some way even if they do not know the language. Some ofRead MoreThe Future Of Black English And Its Academic Impact On African American Children1291 Words   |  6 PagesChildren Introduction Language plays a key role in communication in any society, culture and organization. This medium of social interaction is universal and has been passed down for centuries as a legacy. Therefore, it is imperative that the purity of the language is kept within each framework of heritage. Culture also plays a very important role in the evolution of language. It is the foundation of social engagement and personal commitment. Verbal and non-verbal communication can help define theRead MoreMexican American Culture1658 Words   |  7 PagesEvery culture has their own unique and distinguishing characteristics. One’s cultural identity defines who they are as an individual, group, and community. 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Student ID: 6749473 Academic subject: MSC Accounting and Financial Management Word count: 1511 Topicï ¼Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å"Understanding cultures and intercultural communication in terms of countries and nationalities is no longer relevant or effective.† Evaluate this statement, referringRead MoreRole of a Translation as a Mediator Incultural Transformation1068 Words   |  5 Pagesact of understanding a context and conveying it to another language and culture. Studying on language theories, culture and translation and the relationship between these factors are valuable issues dueto the growing importance of human communication in the world. The variety of languages with different culturesand necessity of communications in human life caused translation to be a very effective factor in communication, exchange of cultures, and knowledge. Translation studies emerged as a distinct

Recruitment Plan Free Essays

Executive Summary The main purpose of this report is to establish guidelines for the recruitment and selection of a Restaurant hostess for the Waterfront Hotel, New Plymouth. This report is comprised of identifying job positions, job analysis, job description and selection process, so as to follow a systematic procedure during the recruitment process of the Restaurant Manager. Objectives The objective of this report is to develop a systematic recruitment plan for the Restaurant Manager. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contents The contents of this report are:- * Literature review of recruitment plan * Steps of recruitment plan * Job description Job advertisement * Recommendation * Conclusion Literature review of recruitment plan RECRUITMENT:- Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization (EDWIN FLIPPO). It’s the process of identifying and hiring the best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job vacancy, in a most timely and cost effective manner, as the human resource is the most valuable belonging to an organization. NEED FOR RECRUITMENT:- * Fulfilling the vacancies generated due to promotion, transfer, retirement, termination, death or employee turnover. Creating new vacancies due to growth, expansion and diversification of the business activity of an organization. OBJECTIVE:- * It determines the present and future requirements of personnel of an organization * Increases the or ganizational effectiveness in long term and short term * Identify potential job applicants suitable for the post * Provides opportunities to procure human resource. RECRUITMENT PLAN:- is an organized written strategy that identifies the recruitment objectives for a position and contains different components like job analysis, job description, recruitment announcement and advertisement, interview plans etc. Steps of recruitment plan JOB IDENTIFICATION: Job identification collects the specific description of a position with the skills required to perform the task of the position. The job identification process initiates the recruitment process to determine when a position is needed and the position entails. After identifying the job need, the job description and requirements are written and the job is assigned for a compensation level. JOB ANALYSIS: Job analysis may be defined as a study of jobs to identify the observable work activities, tasks and responsibilities associated with a particular job. It focuses on work behaviours, tasks and outcomes. It helps to prepare job description and job specifications. JOB DESCRIPTION: Job descriptions are systematically prepared written down narrative of duties, responsibilities and the reporting structure of jobs. It also includes the authorities provided to the employees in a particular designation and what level of performances is expected from the employees. It also includes * Job simplification and job design * Job enlargement * Job enrichment RECRUITMENT METHODS: There are mainly two types of recruitment methods:- * Internal recruitment * External recruitment Internal recruitment:- In internal method of recruitment an employee is recruited for a specific designation from the organization itself. Internal recruitment is generally done either by promoting an employee (succession planning) or by transferring a potential employee from a department to another. An organization advertises the employment to its employee by putting it in notice board, newsletters or staff magazines. While recruiting through internal recruitment, the recruiters are generally aware of the potential, strength, weaknesses, personal traits, performance, skills and knowledge of the employee. In the same way the employee is also aware of the work culture and environment, and knows his colleagues, seniors and sub-ordinates in the organisation. Internal recruitment saves a lot of money and time of the organisation. But internal recruitment also leads to de-motivation of the employees who gets rejected in the recruitment process. Different methods of internal recruitment are:- * Transfer * Job posting * Employee referral External recruitment:- In external recruitment, the employees are recruited for a specific designation from outside the organization. This helps to welcome fresh ideas in the organization. The different methods of external employment are:- * Online recruitment * Consultancies * Campus selection from educational institutions * Advertising in newspapers * Govt. Agencies like employment exchange * Walk-ins External recruitment is more time taking and costly than internal recruitment. SELECTION PROCESS: Selection is the process of picking the most suitable candidate who would meet the requirements of the job best and will be successful if hired. The basic purpose of selection is to choose the best suited individual for the job from the pool of qualified candidates. The basic steps of selection process are: Application blank * Selection tests * Selection interview * Reference checks Application blank/form:- it is one of the most common methods used to collect various information about the candidates. As:- * Personal data * Marital data * Educational and academic data * Experience * Extra-curricular activities * References and recommendations It’s a commonly used sele ction tool as it is a formal way of introduction between the candidate and the recruiter. It also helps the recruiter to compare among the candidates against the eligibility criteria and can screen candidates who fail to meet the eligibility criteria. Selection tests:- The selection tests or the employment test attempts to asses intelligence, abilities, aptitude of the candidates. These tests are important selection tools which enables the recruiter to select the most suitable candidate from the pool of the qualified candidates. The different selection tests are:- * Intelligence tests * Aptitude tests * Personality tests During these tests the recruiter also checks the leadership skills, Communication and soft skills, competency, computer-based skill and knowledge of the candidate. Interview:- Interview is a kind of oral examination of candidates for employment. The recruiter (interviewer) asks a set of questions to the candidate through which he/she tries to asses and evaluate the personality of the candidate, the enthusiasm and intelligence of the candidate, situation handling capability of the candidate and different subjective aspects of the candidate as facial expressions, appearance, nervousness etc. The different types of interviews are:- * Non-directive interview * Patterned interview * Structured/situational interview * Panel interview * Appraisal interview Reference check:- Once the interview is over the reference check of the candidates are done. The candidates are required to mention 2-3 references in the application forms, which may be from the individuals who are familiar with the candidate’s academic achievements of may be from the candidate’s previous employer who is well acquainted with the candidate’s job performance. ACCEPTANCE/ HIRING DECISIONS: The final decisions are taken – whether to select or reject a candidate after soliciting the required information through the different techniques and selection tools. The recruiter has to take adequate care in taking the final decisions Job description for a Restaurant Manager: POSITION:- Restaurant Manager – Waterfront Hotel, New Plymouth. SCOPE OF THE POSITION:- * Attend to the customer’s complaints and grievances. * Provide direction, leadership and supervision to the restaurant staffs in accordance to the goals, objectives and standards set up by the organization. * Monitor departmental cost controlling to meet the budget * Ensure the staffs are properly trained and groomed, to maintain quality standards. * Ensure to attend any emergency without any delay and take the necessary steps. * Ensure to perform with high professionalism as per the standards of the organization. Assist the FB Manager. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS:- * The restaurant manager will directly report to the FB manager. * The restaurant manager will be responsible for the day-to-day operation of the restaurant, as well as for providing guidance to the captains and the staffs of the restaurant. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: * Overseeing the day to day operation of the restaurant. * Co-ord inating the entire operation of the restaurant during scheduled shifts. * Meeting and getting feedback from the customers. * Responding to the customer complaints. * Advising customers on menu and wine choices. Managing the staffs and providing them with feedbacks. * Analysing and planning the restaurant sales levels and profitability. * Organizing marketing activities. Such as promotional events and discount schemes. * Planning and co-ordinating menus. * Ensure the grooming of the staffs and the hygiene of the restaurant and food-preparation area. * Check the quality of deliveries from the suppliers. * Recruiting, training and motivating staffs. * Checking stock levels and ordering supplies. * Preparing cash drawers and providing petty cash as required. * Maintaining high standards of quality control, hygiene and health and safety. Helping in any area of the restaurant when needed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:- * Bachelor/Master’s Degree in hospitality management. * Minimum 4 years of working experience in any restaurant * Candidate should have good business/managerial skills. * Candidate should have a basic knowledge in computer and PMS. * Candidate should have an excellent communication skills, organizational and time management skills. * Prior experience in cash-handling in restaurant is required. Recommendations: I recommend that the Waterfront hotel should prefer to recruit external employee, as in that case the candidate will have a prior experience of the uties and responsibilities associated with the designation of restaurant manager, hence he will be well versed with the level of performance expected from him. There should be a proper panel of qualified, experienced and skilful people for the selection process of the restaurant manager. Conclusion: I would like to conclude this report by saying that by following this recruitment plan, the organization (Waterfront Hotel) will certainly be able to recruit the suitable person required for the restaurant manager position. Bibliography: How to cite Recruitment Plan, Essay examples

Instructional Design for Web-Based Training Project Management

Questions: 1.1 Formulate and record possible outline project specifications 1.2 Identify the factors that contribute to the process of project selection 1.3 Produce a specification for the agreed project 1.4 Produce an appropriate project plan for the agreed project 2.1 Match resources efficiently to the project 2.2 Undertake the proposed project in accordance with the agreed specification 2.3 Organise, analyse and interpret relevant outcomes 3.1 Use appropriate project evaluation techniques 3.2 Interpret and analyse the results in terms of the original project specification 3.3 Make recommendations and justify areas for further consideration 4.1 Produce a record of all project procedures used 4.2 Use an agreed format and appropriate media to present the outcomes of the project to an audience.? Answers: Introduction This report focuses on building up the learners criterion for taking up a project and work accordingly to scoop out the best he/she can get from the project and also deliver it to the other members involved in it. The foundation of a learner for taking up a project and work relevantly stands out as a very complicated procedure, the expected outcomes that we need may not be as favorable as he/she expects and there may be some feud amongst the other members that can also cause some problem regarding the accomplishment of the possible outcome, we are putting forward some remedies that can keep a check on this kind of problems. The learners are provided with units assignments, units which help them in the fields of decision making, giving solution to many problems that may arise during the procedure and also enhance the communication skills, which helps them in making a better commune during the making of the project so that they can work diligently as well as efficiently by engraving a general idea taken from all the heads working under the same project (Prigg and Mackenzie, 2002). So there remains a mutual understanding and a common expectancy for the outcomes regarding the project. The learner also needs to setup some steps regarding the completion of the project under the entitled time span, because the deadline criterion must be of utter importance. The learner also needs to implement some plans, regarding the job division and completion amongst the members for more relevant and efficient outcomes, and also needs to design the project procedure and product being derived from the project and need to present that in the form of all the possible outcomes that we can get by working on the allotted project and should also be headed by reports and results proving the efficiency of the product that we expect after completion of the project. Main Body In this report we may present some assessment criterion needed for the learner to get the entire outcome of the learning process that he/she goes under, and also reinstate his/herself according the mistakes that cull out after the assessment process that is carried out to get the most favorable outcomes from the project itself. The assessment procedure also favors the learner in many ways regarding, decision making, solution for all problems that may arise during the project making procedure, tune up the basic commune that is needed for mutual understanding and involvement of all the heads working on the project, because the most common and puny feuds may cause a critical threat to the allotted deadline for the project (Kerzner, 2001). The deadline is a thing of highest priority during the making of the project because the product obtained after the completion is needed under a certain time roof and a certain shift from it may cause a serious issue that may lead to unwanted outcomes and may further extend to cancellation. Some of the assessment procedures that are inculcated are listed below as a reference for developing better learning eligibility. Formulation of the project 1.1 The project and its specification For the designing of this project we have to devise a prototype model on which the mainframe of the organization will be based on and the establishment of a social network in the organizations working protocols can be embarked so that the organization could face the advancement in the technology of social interaction. Prototype for the network For the engagement of the new technology we must provide a prototype model in order to make the organization interested in building up their network. I am considering the social networking site build up for a football club and its organization so for that we must ensure, to embark the felicitation of the new social networking facility into the organization and its proper functioning and for that reason the prototype model should be presented before the investors who have provided the funds for the endorsement of the project and for that reason the presenting of the prototype must be feasible enough to lure them to hull onto the new idea of the social network and process the interaction facility according to it, the idea of the prototype must be according to the developers concerns of playing the ball according to the needs of the organization and the different types of the implementations are stated below. Analyzing The areas of the implementation process must be identified and the needs of the users along with the needs of the football club staffs should be segregated (Kruse and Keil, 2000). So the developer has every ease of working on the mainframe and present a feasible mainframe for proper functioning. Design Department The design department implements the elements that have been identified after the analyzing process has been done and the areas of work are identified along the needs of the users and the authorities of the football club, the design headed by the developer implements all the changes. Built prototype The final prototype of the developer is further judged upon by the critique bard and the critiques the find out the flaws in the prototype and the implements the changes that should be made in order to provide a better prototypic model which is again sent for analyzing. The Critique prototype The built prototype is judged by a group of individuals, who judge the networking software according to the needs of the users and then decide whether the project contains all the stuffs necessary for the proper implementation and the send it for further analyzing. Implementation The changes made in the prototypic model made by the critique present are further implemented in the build model and the final coding procedure is done according to the changes made in the final model and then the prototype is sent for further testing. Testing The testing procedure checks the features of the prototype according to the needs of the organization and the users who will be using the networking site for the conversation and the interaction process that the organization is expecting to embark by using this model. Operation Then comes the final process that is the operation, the operation final reveals the facts that are optimum enough to serve the purpose of the organization (Eberts, 2002). The further implementation of the project is decided according to the operational behavior of the prototype and so the operation reveals the facts for further consideration of the project. Name- Suggested by the developer or the organization Reason of the Project- Why the project is being implemented in the working mainframe Users- The members and the administrative officials Period of the project- 1 year Funds provided- The investors and the sponsors. Features- Social network facility To who is the project addressed- The manager or the chairman Project designer and developer- The developer of the project 1.2 Procedures for project selection The objectives for the project selection would depend upon the providing the officials and the users of the network with the optimum amount of information required for maintaining the working conditions of the club and its organizational facilities and for that the project needs to be selected according to the needs of the users endorsed in the projects mainframe. 1.3 The specification for the agreed project The specification for the agreed project is mentioned above in the topic where we have to go through certain objectives in order to main proper implementation of the project that is Name- the name of the prototype Reason of the Project- for which organization and what function Users- staffs and the members Period of the project- 1year or more Funds provided- by the authorities Features-what functions would be performed To whom is the project addressed- the manager of the organization or the chairman Project designer and developer- person assigned to develop the project. These are the specifications that are originally decided by the developer along with the organizational heads for the proper implementation of the new social network that is being developed to make the interaction between the club and its members more easy and accessible, accessible in the sense the users and the members would be able to gain a full insight of the club and the organizational facilities without involving with the individuals appointed for the particular operation (Deeprose, 2002). 1.4 project design and planning Figure: The project planning needed for the implementation of the project. Figure: The Project design required by the organization LO2 Improvise the project according to the agreed procedures and the given specification- 2.1 Match the resources efficiently The matching of the resources of the project efficiently to the project and for that reason the developer should lay all his concern on the parameter of the project and the needs of the organization for this project because the objectives of the project not considered then the implementation of the project would become haywire. 2.2 Doing the project development according to the agreed specification The developer should carve out all the requirements of the organization and the members of the network and after getting that information the project designer would be able to portray the project according to the needs of the organization and the users who will be using the mainframe (Croci, 2006). 2.3 Interpret and analyze and finally organize the outcomes The network would allow the organization to scoop out some possible outcomes for the use of the network in the form of better communication of the organization with its members and the proper implementation of functions for the working processes after assessing the possible outcomes from the mainframe network, and the analyzing and interpretation of that data is gained from there and then the outcomes are finally organized. Evaluation of the outcomes of the project 3.1 Evaluation techniques After the implementation of the project the developer should learn from the flaws that the project is imposing on the network and then apply the project specification according to the needs of the organization after removing all those flaws and following some quick action plans for the proper engagement of the project. 3.2 Interpret the outcomes and analyze them to present the results according to the original specifications The results that we obtain from the final implementation of the project should be taken into account and further implementation of the project design should be carried on after discarding the flaws in the project and for that the interpretation and the analyzing of the project is highly necessary to get the results according to the original specifications (Lock, 2004).. 3.3 recommendations for further development The areas that will need more work and consideration to match up with the original design specification should be found and the further improvements that could be made in the areas should be recommended to the developer so that the project carries out the functions according to the original specifications. Outcome presentation 4.1 Produce the record for all the project procedures The proper use of the media tools in the network plan of the social mainframe that the football club is planning to install in the premises of the working process of the clubs working mainframe is needed to endure all the new working procedures that the club is willing to undertake with the help of the network designer and the designer is planning to implement these effects in the form of the webpage that he/she is planning to implement in the working stricture of the mainframe and for that the mainframe must provide all the interaction activities required to properly communicate with the officials and the users of the mainframe and for that to carry on in a smooth way, the developer should allow the organization to keep record of all data being exchanged on the mainframe and the objectives and functions shared on the mainframe and for that the developer should make all the ways possible enough to keep a active record of the procedures of the network mainframe. 4.2 The presenting of the objectives of the project to the audience The developer should devise certain measures to present the objective of the social networking site of the football club to the considered audience by the organization and embrace proper use of social and other electronic media to communicate better with the organizations future objectives of the social networking plan and for that the designer should present the audience with the user interface of the social network by telling them how to register themselves on the site and how to communicate with the members of the organization or with the fellow users and for that the developer should produce the user interface to be as friendly possible to the users and then present it to the audience by considering all the advantages (Cleland, 1999). the disadvantages along with the project and for that the projec6 designer should segregate the advantages and the disadvantages of the project after the implementation of the prototype and should minimize the disadvantages as far as possible before presenting it to the audience. Conclusion The topics inculcated in this report are highly fragile, if any of the step or procedure undertaken goes astray, the outcomes may come as rework in disguise and this may lead to cancellation of the project. Now for the learner, he/she should keep all the above stated steps in mind for proper learning because project Implementation and in all the cases, the Evaluation severely depends of the learner, and so for that highly segregated and intensely worked out project plan should be undertaken to accomplish the project under the given time span and in accordance with the given original specifications, as all the processes that are involved are very transparent to the unit heads, and they can analyze and project for most probable errors, if there isnt any error it is always a big accomplishment but if they can find out any error, it can pose a threat to the group, the unit heads can desire for an entire procedure to be changed or even an entire process and that may cause some serious dea dline problems. In respect of the above mention case study as well as the discussion, it is concluded that the project implementation and evaluation is depending on some other factors of the business model or system. The future prospect of the project will be always define or discussed by the help of the better plans or ideas. The evolution and the implementation of the projects are always depending on the other factors like operational strategy, project management, design and many others. The evaluation and implementation of the project is also dependable on the design of the project. The design as well as the structure of the project is depending how the project will work. The implementation and evaluation of the project as well as future prospect of the project or the business model is depending. The designing of the business model as well as the project is the most important point because the evaluation and the implement, the economy of the organization will increases or decreases. 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Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide.Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Taranovych, Y. (2013).Web Based Project Coaching. Dordrecht: Springer. Wallace, C. and Legro, M. (2008). Using formative evaluation in an implementation project to increase vaccination rates in high-risk veterans: QUERI Series.Implementation Sci, 3(1), p.22. Wateridge, J. (2001). Successful Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 19(3), p.191. Wayman, J. (2005).Biometric systems. London: Springer. Wilson, M., Kahn, N. and Wartman, S. (2001). Implementation of the Interdisciplinary Generalist Curriculum Project.Academic Medicine, 76(Supplement), pp.S19-S25. Wright, J. (2002). Effective Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 20(8), p.633.